Conditions

Understanding Whiplash

Whiplash is a neck injury caused by a sudden, forceful back-and-forth movement of the head — most commonly resulting from road traffic accidents, but also from falls, sports injuries, or impacts. This rapid motion stretches and strains the muscles, ligaments, joints, and sometimes nerves in the neck.

Typical symptoms include:

  • Neck pain and stiffness
  • Headache (often radiating from the base of the skull)
  • Shoulder, upper back, or arm pain
  • Dizziness, fatigue, or difficulty concentrating
  • Tingling or numbness in the arms (if nerves are irritated)

Symptoms often develop within 24–48 hours of injury but can persist for weeks or months in some cases. When pain and stiffness continue beyond the usual recovery period, this is referred to as chronic whiplash-associated disorder — often requiring specialist input to manage muscle spasm, nerve irritation, and central pain sensitisation.

Wessex Pain Clinic

How We Diagnose

At Wessex Pain Clinic, our consultants begin with a detailed history and physical examination, assessing the mechanism of injury, symptom onset, and affected regions.

We evaluate neck movement, muscle tightness, and neurological signs.
MRI scans may be used to rule out serious injury such as fractures, disc damage, or nerve compression.

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Lifestyle and Complementary Therapies

Our physiotherapy and rehabilitation partners play a central role in recovery, focusing on:

  • Gentle stretching and strengthening of neck and shoulder muscles
  • Posture correction and ergonomic advice
  • Gradual reintroduction of normal movement and activity


Our pain psychology partners help manage stress, anxiety, and hypervigilance that often accompany chronic whiplash, using techniques such as mindfulness, CBT, and pacing.

This integrated, consultant-led approach ensures both the physical and psychological effects of whiplash are treated.
At Wessex Pain Clinic, we work as a team and meet regularly to discuss complex, treatment resistant or unusual cases. As such you will often receive the expertise of several pain consultants. We believe that we are one of very few pain clinics to offer this.

Medications
We may prescribe:
  •  Anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and stiffness
  • Neuropathic pain medications (pregabalin, gabapentin, or duloxetine) if nerve irritation is present
  • Short courses of analgesics under consultant supervision for acute flare-ups
Medication is used in conjunction with rehabilitation therapies to aid recovery.
Interventional Procedures
When pain persists despite standard care, our consultants offer:
  • Image-guided cervical facet joint/medial branch injections to reduce inflammation and restore neck mobility
  • Radiofrequency denervation (rhizolysis) for longer-lasting relief after successful but short lived facet/medial branch injections
  • Trigger point injections for muscle knots and localised tension
Our approach to whiplash is multidisciplinary and evidence-based, focusing on relieving pain, restoring normal movement, and preventing chronic disability.

Treatments at Wessex Pain Clinic

Treatments